In this
page, we will learn about basics of OOPs. Object Oriented Programming is a
paradigm that provides many concepts such as inheritance, data binding, polymorphism etc.
Simula is considered as the first object-oriented
programming language. The programming paradigm where everything is represented
as an object, is known as truly object-oriented programming language.
Smalltalk is considered as the first truly
object-oriented programming language
OOPs
(Object Oriented Programming System)
Object means
a real word entity such as pen, chair, table etc. Object-Oriented
Programming is a methodology or paradigm to design a program using
classes and objects. It simplifies the software development and maintenance by
providing some concepts:
- Object
- Class
- Inheritance
- Polymorphism
- Abstraction
- Encapsulation
Object
Any
entity that has state and behavior is known as an object. For example: chair,
pen, table, keyboard, bike etc. It can be physical and logical.
Class
Collection
of objects is called
class. It is a logical entity.
Inheritance
When one
object acquires all the properties and behaviours of parent object i.e. known as inheritance. It provides code
reusability. It is used to achieve runtime polymorphism.
Polymorphism
When one task is performed by different
ways i.e. known as
polymorphism. For example: to convense the customer differently, to draw
something e.g. shape or rectangle etc.
In java,
we use method overloading and method overriding to achieve polymorphism.
Another
example can be to speak something e.g. cat speaks meaw, dog barks woof etc.
Abstraction
Hiding
internal details and showing functionality is known as abstraction. For example: phone
call, we don't know the internal processing.
In java,
we use abstract class and interface to achieve abstraction.
Encapsulation
Binding
(or wrapping) code and data together into a single unit is known as encapsulation. For
example: capsule, it is wrapped with different medicines.
A java
class is the example of encapsulation. Java bean is the fully encapsulated
class because all the data members are private here.
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